IV Cannulation

IV (intravenous) cannulation is a fundamental medical procedure used to administer fluids, medications, or blood products directly into a patient’s bloodstream.

1. Indications for IV Cannulation

✔ Fluid resuscitation (e.g., dehydration, shock)
✔ Medication administration (antibiotics, analgesics)
✔ Blood transfusions
✔ Contrast dye for imaging
✔ Continuous monitoring (e.g., ICU)

2. Equipment Needed

• Sterile IV cannula (common sizes: 18G–24G)
• Tourniquet
• Alcohol/chlorhexidine swabs
• Sterile gloves
• Transparent dressing (e.g., Tegaderm™)
• IV extension set/flush (saline or heparin lock)

3. Step-by-Step IV Insertion

A. Preparation

1. Verify patient ID & consent (if applicable).
2. Select vein
3. Apply tourniquet (5–10 cm above site).
4. Clean skin (alcohol/chlorhexidine, circular motion).

B. Cannulation Technique

1. Stretch skin distal to insertion site (anchors vein).
2. Insert needle (15–30° angle, bevel up).
3. Look for flashback (blood in chamber).
4. Advance slightly (1–2 mm further).
5. Slide catheter off needle into vein.
6. Release tourniquet, apply pressure proximal to tip.
7. Secure with dressing, label with date & gauge.

C. Post-Insertion

• Flush with saline (check for patency & infiltration).
• Document site, gauge, and any complications.

4. Choosing the Right Cannula Size

5. Common Complications & Solutions

6. Tips for Difficult IV Access

• Use warm packs (dilates veins).
• Try ultrasound guidance (for deep veins).
• Use smaller gauge (24G if fragile veins).
• Vein locator devices (infrared light helps).

Key Takeaways:

✅ Select the largest appropriate gauge for the treatment.
✅ Anchor veins properly to prevent rolling.
✅ Secure & monitor to avoid complications.
✅ Document insertion details for handover.